Environmental determinants of depression risk in China: insights from a longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis

Int J Environ Health Res. 2025 Aug 20:1-12. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2025.2547851. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Depression is a global health issue, with environmental factors emerging as potential contributors. This study explores the impact of living environment factors on depression in China to inform prevention and intervention strategies.

METHODS: This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2018. Environmental factors assessed include fuel type, water source, indoor temperature, accommodation types, and PM2.5 levels. Logistic and Cox regression models, with RCS analyses, were applied to evaluate their effects on depression symptom.

RESULT: In high-risk environments, the odds of depression symptom were significantly higher (OR: 1.70, 95% CI [1.47, 1.96]). Longitudinal analysis revealed that high-risk environments (HR: 1.20, 95% CI [1.03, 1.40]), lack of piped water (HR: 1.12, 95% CI [1.07, 1.30]), and solid fuel use (HR: 1.25,95% CI [1.10, 1.43])) were significant risk factors for depression symptom.

CONCLUSION: Environmental factors have a significant impact on depression symptom risk in China. Improving living conditions could promote mental health. These findings emphasize the need for further research and targeted interventions to reduce depression and improve well-being.

PMID:40833731 | DOI:10.1080/09603123.2025.2547851