Continuous-flow synthesis of 1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridines towards key intermediates of clinical candidates JNJ-54175446 and zanvipixant (JNJ-55308942) with antidepressant activity

RSC Adv. 2025 Jul 16;15(31):25202-25208. doi: 10.1039/d5ra03780h. eCollection 2025 Jul 15.

ABSTRACT

1,4,6,7-Tetrahydro-5H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridines are potent antagonists of the P2X7 receptor, a key regulator of neuroinflammation associated with depression. Two clinical candidates, JNJ-54175446 and JNJ-55308942 were developed based on this scaffold, together with a stereoselective synthesis involving a one-pot [3 + 2] cycloaddition/Cope-elimination cascade. Besides challenging regioselectivity, this route raises safety concerns, as both steps involve hazardous reagents. Herein, we report a two-step continuous-flow strategy for the synthesis of this valuable scaffold, which enables access to intermediates of JNJ-54175446 and JNJ-55308942 via temperature-controlled regioselectivity. Applying the optimized conditions, yields of 48% (58% regioselectivity) and 45% (91% regioselectivity) were achieved, respectively. The method ensures safe utilization of azide in the cycloaddition, and uses a safer oxidant for the elimination, offering a scalable and affordable alternative synthetic route.

PMID:40673252 | PMC:PMC12264876 | DOI:10.1039/d5ra03780h