Paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) gene variants cause congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) characterized by abnormal ventilatory control necessitating lifelong assisted ventilation (AV). We report a 3-year-old girl who presented with apnea, hypoxemia, hypoventilation requiring AV, and Hirschsprung's disease during infancy followed by resolution of hypoventilation. At 3 weeks, polysomnography showed obstructive and central sleep apnea, oxygen desaturations, and hypoventilation. A...

PurposeThe objective of this article was to explore the prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) in children with spina bifida and specifically myelomeningocele (MMC).SummarySRBDs, including obstructive and central sleep apnea, hypoventilation, and hypoxia, are prevalent in children with spina bifida, particularly those with MMC. This high prevalence, ranging from 40% to 80%, is often attributed to brainstem abnormalities, upper airway...

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is an effective surgical treatment for many patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who are unable to tolerate continuous positive airway pressure. Patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD) are particularly vulnerable to more complex sleep-related breathing disorders due to respiratory muscle weakness and the associated risk of hypoventilation. In this study, we present five patients with myasthenia gravis (n = 2), muscular dystrophy,...

BACKGROUND: Low-dose morphine may be prescribed to reduce chronic breathlessness in COPD. Subjective findings suggest morphine may influence breathlessness through sleep-related mechanisms. However, concerns exist regarding opioid safety in COPD. The effects of morphine during sleep in COPD have not been objectively investigated. This study aimed to objectively determine the effects of low-dose morphine on sleep in COPD.