Sedatives
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are CNS depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: PW199
Diagnosis: Sedative (Tranquilizer)
US Patients: Works by reducing irritability or excitement. It is a Central Nervous System depressant causing brain activities’ deceleration.
World Patients: Most affect the GABA “neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, relaxes by increasing GaBA activity. At higher doses it slurs one’s
Sex Ratio: speech, makes walking staggering, forces poor judgment and slows reflexes. Benzodiazapines can be used as an hypnotic for sleep.
Age Onset: When overused or comined an overdose can cause unconsciousness or death.
Brain Area: (1)an anxiolytic affects anxiety; (2)tranquilizer can refer to anxiolytic or antipsychotic; (3)soporific/sleeping pill mean hypnotics.
Symptoms: The article lists the types of sedatives: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, orexin antagonists,
Progression: first generation antihistamines, general anesthetics, herbal sedatives, methaqualone and analogues, skeletal muscle relaxants,
Causes: opioids, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other. 124 individual sedatives are listed to prepare for surgery or other procedures.
Medications: In 2011, about half of US hospital admissions were from overuse of sedatives. Use can worsen psychiatric conditions like dementia,
Therapies: can cause amnesia. Some are dropped in bar-drinks before robberies and for date-rape.
Youtube Video: Pharmacology: Sedatives, Hypnotics & Anxiolytics
I was not able to find a book on sedatives on Amazon. Jim Lohr, Compiler
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- Impact of Prolonged Continuous Ketamine Infusions in Critically Ill Children: A Prospective Cohort Studyby Paulo Sérgio Lucas da Silva on May 19, 2024
CONCLUSION: The use of ketamine infusion in PICU patients may be associated with an increased rate of adverse events, especially delirium. High-quality studies are needed before ketamine can be broadly recommended or adopted earlier in the sedation protocol.
- Reducing Chronic Opioid Use: Long-term Impacts of Enhanced Recovery after Mastectomy Protocolsby Kristen Jogerst on May 17, 2024
CONCLUSION: ERAS® protocols for mastectomy patients with or without IBR are associated with decreases in chronic opioid use, without concomitant increases in chronic sedative use.
- Intrathecal Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuncts to Bupivacaine in Elective Cesarean Section: A Case Seriesby Thomas Baribeault on May 17, 2024
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the combination of intrathecal dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia is effective for reducing nausea, vomiting, shivering, and pain. A retrospective review of records was used to examine the outcomes of patients undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia with dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, and bupivacaine. The records of 11 consecutive patients who underwent cesarean delivery under...
- A prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam in patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA: REST trial designby Hee Yun Seol on May 17, 2024
BACKGROUND: Remimazolam is safe and effective for moderate sedation during flexible bronchoscopy, but its safety and efficacy during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) remains undetermined. The REST trial (NCT06275594) will be a prospective randomized study of remimazolam in patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA with conscious sedation. The primary aim is to evaluate whether remimazolam is safe and effective for moderate sedation during EBUS-TBNA compared to...