Sedatives
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are CNS depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: PW199
Diagnosis: Sedative (Tranquilizer)
US Patients: Works by reducing irritability or excitement. It is a Central Nervous System depressant causing brain activities’ deceleration.
World Patients: Most affect the GABA “neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, relaxes by increasing GaBA activity. At higher doses it slurs one’s
Sex Ratio: speech, makes walking staggering, forces poor judgment and slows reflexes. Benzodiazapines can be used as an hypnotic for sleep.
Age Onset: When overused or comined an overdose can cause unconsciousness or death.
Brain Area: (1)an anxiolytic affects anxiety; (2)tranquilizer can refer to anxiolytic or antipsychotic; (3)soporific/sleeping pill mean hypnotics.
Symptoms: The article lists the types of sedatives: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, orexin antagonists,
Progression: first generation antihistamines, general anesthetics, herbal sedatives, methaqualone and analogues, skeletal muscle relaxants,
Causes: opioids, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other. 124 individual sedatives are listed to prepare for surgery or other procedures.
Medications: In 2011, about half of US hospital admissions were from overuse of sedatives. Use can worsen psychiatric conditions like dementia,
Therapies: can cause amnesia. Some are dropped in bar-drinks before robberies and for date-rape.
Youtube Video: Pharmacology: Sedatives, Hypnotics & Anxiolytics
I was not able to find a book on sedatives on Amazon. Jim Lohr, Compiler
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- Design, Preparation, and Ex Vivo Skin Permeation of Doxepin Microemulsion System for Topical Deliveryby Hossein Heidari Kaydan on January 22, 2025
CONCLUSION: This research demonstrates that altering the content and composition of MEs can change the physicochemical properties and permeability characteristics of DX when introduced into rats. Additionally, ME formulation shows promise as an effective vehicle for topical DX delivery in atopic dermatitis treatment.
- Melatonin: A Review of the Evidence for Use in Hospital Settingsby Josephine A Adattini on January 22, 2025
New onset insomnia is often experienced by patients during hospitalization due to environmental disruptions, pain and increased patient care activities. Patient distress arising from poor sleep quality and quantity often results in the prescribing of hypnotics. Melatonin use in hospital settings is common and is increasingly used for off label indications including primary insomnia in those aged < 55 years, prevention of delirium and to facilitate benzodiazepine discontinuation. A literature...
- Clinical Variables Associated With Impaired Consciousness in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patientsby Sandra Gomez-Paz on January 22, 2025
CONCLUSION: We found that factors from demographics, comorbidity, treatment management, and laboratory measurements were associated with GCS while disease severity was not significantly associated with GCS. These findings can guide clinicians for treatment approaches for the early identification of impaired consciousness and its degrees of severity in COVID-19 patients.
- Comparative Efficacy of Esketamine vs Sufentanil with Propofol for Sedation in EUS: A Randomized, Controlled Studyby Cuicui Liu on January 22, 2025
CONCLUSION: Esketamine combined with propofol for sedation during EUS can decrease respiratory depression, reduce the dosage of propofol and PONV, and provide a more stable hemodynamic state. Consequently, esketamine could be considered as a potential alternative to sufentanil for sedation during EUS.