Moderating effect of participation in organized college sports on mental health and frequency of cannabis use in a national cohort

Am J Prev Med. 2025 Oct 16:108148. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108148. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Research has shown positive associations between cannabis use and psychological distress. This study examines relations cannabis use and diagnoses of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, while exploring the moderating role of organized sports (OS).

METHODS: Data came from the National College Health Assessment III Fall 2019-Fall 2023, analyzed in 2024. Participants (n=150,992) were mostly aged 18-29 years (87.5%), biologically female (70.3%), and non-Hispanic White (72.3%).

RESULTS: Higher cannabis use frequency was associated with a greater likelihood of lifetime diagnosis of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, with the highest prevalence observed among those reporting weekly to daily cannabis use (p<0.001). OS participation was associated with significantly lower rates of lifetime diagnoses (p<0.001) and moderated the relation between cannabis use and diagnosis. Among OS participants, the prevalence of reported lifetime mental health conditions was lower across cannabis use compared to non-OS participants (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the protective role of OS in reducing mental health risks associated with cannabis use. Encouraging sports participation in college may enhance mental well-being and address substance use challenges as part of comprehensive health strategies.

PMID:41109643 | DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108148