Comparing the measurement properties of the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-3L in a general population sample of adults

Eur J Health Econ. 2025 Oct 17. doi: 10.1007/s10198-025-01839-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: EQ-5D has separate three-level versions for children/adolescents (EQ-5D-Y-3L) and adults (EQ-5D-3L), assessing the same five dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using age-appropriate language. Little is known about how differences in wording affect self-reported HRQoL assessments. This study aimed to compare the measurement properties of the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-3L in an adult general population sample.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Hungarian adult general population sample representative by age and gender (n = 1,196). Measurement properties, including ceiling, floor, informativity, agreement (Kendall’s tau) and known-groups validity (effect sizes) based on self-perceived health and chronic conditions were compared across instruments.

RESULTS: EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-3L yielded 85 and 47 unique health states, respectively. Identical health profiles were reported by 59.0%. Overall ceiling was lower using the EQ-5D-Y-3L (34.8%) than the EQ-5D-3L (46.8%), with the largest dimension-level difference for EQ-5D-Y-3L worried/sad/unhappy (56.8%) vs. EQ-5D-3L anxiety/depression (71.6%). Relative informativity was higher for all EQ-5D-Y-3L dimensions (0.20-0.75) than EQ-5D-3L (0.18-0.66). Agreement was the weakest for worried/sad/unhappy vs. anxiety/depression (0.636) and the strongest for mobility (0.841). Both instruments showed medium to large effect sizes across known-groups based on level sum scores (EQ-5D-Y-3L: 0.820-2.454; EQ-5D-3L: 0.820-2.696) and index values (EQ-5D-Y-3L: 0.754-2.362; EQ-5D-3L: 0.747-2.365), with EQ-5D-Y-3L showing higher discriminatory power in 62-69% of known groups.

CONCLUSION: Notable differences emerged between EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-3L in an adult general population sample, especially in the mental health dimension, suggesting that transitions between these instruments should be treated cautiously. The EQ-5D-Y-3L may offer advantages in detecting variations in mental health, even in adult populations.

PMID:41107671 | DOI:10.1007/s10198-025-01839-7