Bipolar II
Resources for Patients and Caregivers
A type of bipolar disorder characterized by depressive and hypomanic episodes.
It involves at least one depressive episode lasting at least two weeks and at least one hypomanic episode lasting at least four days.
Depressive symptoms include sadness or hopelessness. Hypomanic symptoms include a persistently elevated or irritable mood.
Treatment includes counseling and medications, such as mood stabilizers.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: 09-Bipolar II
Diagnosis: One or more long sessions of depression, some hypo(lower)mania, but no full manic session
US Patients:
World Patients:
Sex Ratio:
Age Onset:
Brain Area:
Symptoms: May be more chronic and recurring in the depressive phase than Bipolar I.
Progression: May be a high risk of suicide. 25-50% of Bipolar II patients make at least one suicide attempt.
Causes:
Medications: Can be modified by several medications.
Therapies:
Youtube Video: Bipolar 1 or Bipolar 2 Disorder – Which is Worse?
Amazon or Library Book: Bipolar II Disorder Workbook
Click the book to link or order from Amazon.
Support Group: dsballiance.org; 800-326-3632
(Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance)
Contact your local Social Security office for possible Disability Benefits through their Disability Determination Services,
Section 12.04.
Resources for Physicians, Counselors and Researchers
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- Cortical calretinin-positive neurons: Functional and ontogenetic characteristics and their relationship to brain pathologiesby Lina Vanessa Becerra-Hernández on November 4, 2024
Cortical GABAergic interneurons can be classified according to electrophysiological, biochemical, and/or morphological criteria. In humans, the use of calcium-binding proteins allows us to differentiate three subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons with minimal overlap. Cortical calretinin-positive neurons mainly include bipolar and double-bouquet morphologies, with a largely non-rapid and adaptive firing pattern, originating from the ganglionic eminence and the ventricular and subventricular...
- One path, two solutions: Network-based analysis identifies targetable pathways for the treatment of comorbid type II diabetes and neuropsychiatric disordersby Anna Onisiforou on November 4, 2024
Comorbid diseases complicate patient outcomes and escalate healthcare costs, necessitating the need for a deeper mechanistic understanding. Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) such as Neurotic Disorder, Major Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, and Schizophrenia significantly exacerbate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), often leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we developed a...
- Functional brain networks in clinical high-risk for bipolar disorder and psychosisby Cemal Demirlek on November 3, 2024
Abnormal connectivity in the brain has been linked to the pathophysiology of severe mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The current study aimed to investigate large-scale functional networks and global network metrics in clinical high-risk for bipolardisorder (CHR-BD, n = 25), clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P, n = 30), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 19). Help-seeking youth at CHR-BD and CHR-P were recruited from the early intervention program at Dokuz Eylul...
- Mendelian randomisation analysis to explore the association between cathepsins and bipolar disorderby Chenshuang Dong on November 1, 2024
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, cathepsin H may be a diagnostic target for bipolar II disorder and may play a guiding role in clinical diagnosis. Cathepsin H may have an effect on BD through cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor.