Bipolar II
Resources for Patients and Caregivers
A type of bipolar disorder characterized by depressive and hypomanic episodes.
It involves at least one depressive episode lasting at least two weeks and at least one hypomanic episode lasting at least four days.
Depressive symptoms include sadness or hopelessness. Hypomanic symptoms include a persistently elevated or irritable mood.
Treatment includes counseling and medications, such as mood stabilizers.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: 09-Bipolar II
Diagnosis: One or more long sessions of depression, some hypo(lower)mania, but no full manic session
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Symptoms: May be more chronic and recurring in the depressive phase than Bipolar I.
Progression: May be a high risk of suicide. 25-50% of Bipolar II patients make at least one suicide attempt.
Causes:
Medications: Can be modified by several medications.
Therapies:
Resources for Physicians, Counselors and Researchers
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- Chronic Multi-Electrode Electromyography in Snakesby Grady W Jensen on January 24, 2022
Knowledge about body motion kinematics and underlying muscle contraction dynamics usually derives from electromyographic (EMG) recordings. However, acquisition of such signals in snakes is challenging because electrodes either attached to or implanted beneath the skin may unintentionally be removed by force or friction caused from undulatory motion, thus severely impeding chronic EMG recordings. Here, we present a reliable method for stable subdermal implantation of up to eight bipolar...
- Local and Transient Changes of Sleep Spindle Density During Series of Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With a Major Depressive Episodeby Takuji Izuno on January 24, 2022
The neuromodulatory effects of brain stimulation therapies notably involving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on nocturnal sleep, which is critically disturbed in major depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, remain largely undetermined. We have previously reported in major depression patients that prefrontal rTMS sessions enhanced their slow wave activity (SWA) power, but not their sigma power which is related to sleep spindle activity, for electrodes located nearby...
- Number of episodes and duration of illness associated with hypertension and 10-year cardiovascular risk in patients with bipolar disorder type Iby Andrea Aguglia on January 22, 2022
Severe Mental Illnesses, including bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), are burdened with an increased mortality and a significantly reduced life expectancy than general population, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered the most contributing conditions. The aim of the present study is to evaluate 10-year CV risk and the associated clinical characteristics in patients with SCZ, BD type I and II. Patients were consecutively recruited from two Italian psychiatric acute units....
- Driving performance of euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder undergoing real-world pharmacotherapyby Akiko Yamaguchi on January 17, 2022
CONCLUSION: Euthymic patients with BD under steady-state pharmacotherapy had impaired driving performance compared with HCs, but the overlapping distributions of driving performance suggested that driving performance is not always deteriorated in patients with BD. Therefore, attentional function may be a useful clinical feature for judging driving aptitude in patients with BD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.