Bipolar Disorder
A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder isn’t known, but a combination of genetics, environment, and altered brain structure and chemistry may play a role.
Manic episodes may include symptoms such as high energy, reduced need for sleep, and loss of touch with reality.
Depressive episodes may include symptoms such as low energy, low motivation, and loss of interest in daily activities. Mood episodes last days to months at a time and may also be associated with suicidal thoughts.
Treatment is usually lifelong and often involves a combination of medications and psychotherapy.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: W023
Diagnosis: Bipolar Disorder
US Patients: 3% in lifetime
World Patients: W2%
Sex Ratio:
Age Onset: Age 25
Brain Area: Below (ventral)pfc, less active on left for depression; on the right for mania.
Symptoms: 71% genetic +childhood abuse and stress; substance abuse; impulsive
Progression: 6% suicide, 35% self-harm;4 days down-months/7 days mania
Causes: dopamine higher in manic; lower in depressive; manic, glutamate higher in left pfc in manic
Medications: lithium, anti-psychotics-in-manic phase; mood-stabilizers; only lithium for children
Therapies: Teaching coping strategies for relapses and taking medication consistently
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosisÂ
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- Altered spatiotemporal consistency in pediatric bipolar disorder patients with and without psychotic symptomsby Weijia Gao on October 16, 2021
CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrated that the two groups of PBD patients exhibited segregated brain functional patterns, providing empirical evidence for the biological basis of different clinical outcomes between PBD patients with and without psychotic symptoms.
- Suicidal behaviors in bipolar disorder type 1by R Maamouri on October 16, 2021
CONCLUSIONS: Suicide prevention is an important mental health subject. It would be imperative to include systematic screening for childhood adversities and adequate management of bipolar disorder and impulsivity.
- Genetic risk for psychiatric illness is associated with the number of hospitalizations of bipolar disorder patientsby Janos L Kalman on October 16, 2021
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the genetic risk burden for psychiatric illness is associated with increased health care utilization, a proxy for disease severity, in BD patients. The findings are in line with previous observations made for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or major depression. Therefore, in the future psychiatric disorder polygenic scores might become helpful for stratifying patients with high risk of a chronic manifestation and predicting disease course.
- Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspectsby Subhabrata Paul on October 15, 2021
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) has been used as a traditional Rasayana herb for a long time. Traditional uses of this plant indicate its ameliorative properties against a plethora of human medical conditions, viz. hypertension, stress, diabetes, asthma, cancer etc. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the geographical distribution, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of W. somnifera and its active constituents. In addition, it presents a...