An illustration of multi-class roc analysis for predicting internet addiction among university students

PLoS One. 2025 Jul 21;20(7):e0325855. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325855. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

The internet is one of the essential tools today, and its impact is particularly felt among university students. Internet addiction (IA) has become a serious public health issue worldwide. This multi-class classification study aimed to identify the potential predictors of IA by four severity levels among university students in Bangladesh. We used cross-sectional survey data from 424 university students from different universities in Bangladesh. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire, along with an IA test to assess addiction levels. We identified the important features related to IA using the Boruta algorithm. Predictions were made using different machine learning (ML) (decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVMs), and logistic regression (LR)) models. Their performance was assessed using confusion matrix parameters, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, and k-fold cross-validation techniques for multi-class classification problems. The prevalence of severe IA was 3.77% among the participating university students in Bangladesh from July 15 to July 22, 2024. University students’ backgrounds, depression, anxiety, stress, participation in physical activity, misbehaving with family members, memory loss symptoms, and being COVID-19-positive were selected as significant features for predicting IA. Overall, the RF (accuracy = 0.531, sensitivity = 0.200, specificity = 0.986, precision = 1.00, k-fold accuracy = 0.4858, micro-average area under curve (AUC) = 0.7798) more accurately predicted IA compared to other ML techniques. The ML framework for multi-class classification study can reveal significant risk factors and predict this behavioral addiction more precisely. It can help policymakers, stakeholders, and families better understand the situation and prevent this severe crisis by improving policy-making strategies, promoting mental health, and establishing effective university counseling services. Therefore, raising awareness among the younger generation and their parents about the predictors of IA is important.

PMID:40690508 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0325855