Sedatives
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are CNS depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: PW199
Diagnosis: Sedative (Tranquilizer)
US Patients: Works by reducing irritability or excitement. It is a Central Nervous System depressant causing brain activities’ deceleration.
World Patients: Most affect the GABA “neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, relaxes by increasing GaBA activity. At higher doses it slurs one’s
Sex Ratio: speech, makes walking staggering, forces poor judgment and slows reflexes. Benzodiazapines can be used as an hypnotic for sleep.
Age Onset: When overused or comined an overdose can cause unconsciousness or death.
Brain Area: (1)an anxiolytic affects anxiety; (2)tranquilizer can refer to anxiolytic or antipsychotic; (3)soporific/sleeping pill mean hypnotics.
Symptoms: The article lists the types of sedatives: barbiturates, benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, orexin antagonists,
Progression: first generation antihistamines, general anesthetics, herbal sedatives, methaqualone and analogues, skeletal muscle relaxants,
Causes: opioids, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other. 124 individual sedatives are listed to prepare for surgery or other procedures.
Medications: In 2011, about half of US hospital admissions were from overuse of sedatives. Use can worsen psychiatric conditions like dementia,
Therapies: can cause amnesia. Some are dropped in bar-drinks before robberies and for date-rape.
Youtube Video: Pharmacology: Sedatives, Hypnotics & Anxiolytics
I was not able to find a book on sedatives on Amazon. Jim Lohr, Compiler
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Compared to Other Needle-Free Pharmacological Sedation Methods in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Imaging Proceduresby Mohammed Alsabri Hussein Alsabri on May 7, 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine demonstrates effectiveness in pediatric MRI/CT sedation, offering advantages over midazolam and similar efficacy to chloral hydrate. Careful cardiovascular monitoring is essential during administration, particularly in patients with congenital heart disease. Sublingual and intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine is a viable option with high bioavailability. This meta-analysis contributes valuable insights into refining sedation protocols for pediatric imaging...
- Social network analysis for medical narcotics in South Korea: focusing on patients and healthcare organizationsby Sang-Yoon Kim on May 7, 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The significance of this study lies in its analysis of nationwide narcotic use reports and the differences observed across different types of narcotics. The social network structure between hospitals and patients varies depending on the composition of the medical narcotics. Therefore, these characteristics should be considered when controlling medication with narcotics. The results of this study provide guidelines for controlling narcotic use in other countries.
- Toxicity of benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia disorders in older adults: a systematic literature reviewby Annemarie Kim Kozole Smid on May 6, 2024
CONCLUSION: It is essential to increase awareness about adhering to prescribed pharmacological therapies to mitigate issues related to drug abuse and poisoning among older adults.
- Exploring Ciprofol Alternatives: A Comprehensive Review of Intravenous Anesthesia Optionsby Nandha Kumar Durai Samy on May 6, 2024
Ciprofol is a recently developed, short-acting γ-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist sedative that is more potent than propofol. Still, there have been few clinical studies of this agent to date. This review explores alternative intravenous anesthesia options to ciprofol, considering their pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and practical considerations. While ciprofol offers advantages such as rapid onset and predictable offset, concerns regarding its safety profile and individual...