Temperament classification dates back as far as ancient Greece when Hippocrates proposed his humoral theory regarding the classifications of behavior. The postulated temperaments, consisting of sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic, remained in use as recently as the 20th century. Emil Kraepelin classified manic-depressive patients as depressive, hypomanic, or irritable, which in turn correlated with melancholic, sanguine, or choleric dispositions, respectively. These, in turn, evolved...

In the 5th century B.C., Hippocrates first propounded his theory of humorism to describe the different temperaments. This idea postulated that human behavior could be categorized into four distinct temperaments, black bile, sanguine (blood), yellow bile, and phlegm, which in turn correlated with the four elements earth, air, fire, and water, respectively. Hippocrates further elaborated on his theory by describing black bile as melancholic, sanguine as optimistic, yellow bile as irritable and...

In the 5th century B.C., Hippocrates offered his hypothesis regarding the origin of behavior with his humoral theory, postulating temperament was derived from the heterogeneous balance of the four distinct humors in the body. The four humors consisted of black bile - melancholic, yellow bile - irritable, phlegm - apathetic, and blood - sanguine. The humors and their subsequent temperaments supposedly embodied the elements of earth, fire, water, and air, respectively. References to this nascent...

CONCLUSION: Male gender, showing premorbid schizoid-like personality, familial SCH, and obstetric trauma are risk factors that distinguish SCH from BD. Additionally, our results suggest that risk for SCH relative to BD may be importantly influenced by interactions between familial risk, gender, and obstetric trauma.