Optic neuritis (ON) is the inflammation of the optic nerve. 'Typical' ON is commonly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and its classic triad includes sudden loss of vision, pain with eye movement and dyschromatopsia. It usually has good visual outcome irrespective of treatment. Presentation other than this is termed as 'atypical' ON and causes include autoimmune diseases, infections and optic neuropathy related to systemic disorders, etc. These cases of ON need specific treatment depending...

Background The incidence of pregnancy-associated diabetes has increased in recent decades, leading to neonatal adverse outcomes like metabolic and hematologic disorders, respiratory distress, cardiac disorders, and neurologic impairment. Macrosomia, a common consequence of diabetes, is influenced by maternal blood glucose levels, impacting adverse neonatal outcomes. Aim The current study aimed to assess the neonatal and maternal outcomes of the infants of diabetic mothers. Methods An...

Allergies are closely associated with sex-related hormonal variations that influence immune function, leading to distinct symptom profiles. Similar sex-based differences are observed in other immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases. In allergies, women exhibit a higher prevalence of atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma and eczema, in comparison to men. However, age-related changes play a significant role because men have a higher incidence of allergies until puberty, and then comes a...

Introduction The literature highlights the crucial role of midwives in assessing and managing perinatal mental health and in providing information to women about related issues. However, research also indicates significant gaps in midwives' knowledge and skills needed to fulfill this role. Data suggest that while midwives are interested in providing mental health support, they lack the confidence, knowledge, and training to do so effectively. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and...