Persistent Depressive Disorder
A mild but long-term form of depression.
Dysthymia is defined as a low mood occurring for at least two years, along with at least two other symptoms of depression.
Examples of symptoms include lost interest in normal activities, hopelessness, low self-esteem, low appetite, low energy, sleep changes, and poor concentration.
Treatments include medications and talk therapy.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: PW161
Diagnosis: Persistent Depressive Disorder-Dysthymia
US Patients: 3-6% during lifetime
World Patients: 105 Mil per year (1.5% of the population)
Sex Ratio:
Age Onset: 21, before 21 called “early onset”
Brain Area: In women, the corpus callosum and frontal lobes differ from normal; the amygdala, insula (sadness) and cingulate gyrus(emotions)
Symptoms: 2-years for adults; 1-year for children, deep depression with longer-lasting insomnia or hypersomnia and low self-esteem
Progression: little enjoyment in anything, suicidal behaviors, other disorders or addictions; hopelessness about life
Causes: genetic for 50% of cases; 75% have other physical illnesses, disorders or addictions; 95% have episodes of major depression.
Medications: antidepressants, but 6-8 weeks before progress; SSRIs, lithium
Therapies: cognitive therapy, better sleep, exercise
Youtube Video:
Life with Persistent Depressive Disorder (also known as Dysthymia)
Amazon or Library Book: Persistent Depressive Disorders
Click the book to link or order from Amazon.
Support Group: feelingkindablue.org; 866-728-7983
(Provident Behavioral Health)
Contact your local Social Security office for possible Disability Benefits through their Disability Determination Services,
Section 12.04
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- ER stress in mouse serotonin neurons triggers a depressive phenotype alleviated by ketamine targeting eIF2alpha signalingby Lluis Miquel-Rio on May 7, 2024
Depression is a devastating mood disorder that causes significant disability worldwide. Current knowledge of its pathophysiology remains modest and clear biological markers are lacking. Emerging evidence from human and animal models reveals persistent alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, suggesting that ER stress-related signaling pathways may be targets for prevention and treatment. However, the neurobiological basis linking the pathways involved in depression-related ER...
- Attributional styles are associated with care burden in geriatric depression: older adults and their caregivers in Taiwanby Ching-Yen Chen on May 7, 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Certain attributional styles, particularly the manipulation and illness/stress attributional styles, significantly increased self-reported care burden. These findings highlight the need for educational resources to change the attribution style, along with support systems and accessible mental health services for caregivers to potentially ease the care burden.
- Electrocortical Reactivity during Self-Referential Processing Predicts the Development of Depression across Adolescenceby Sarah B Barkley on May 6, 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that electrocortical reactivity associated with a negative self-schema in late childhood predicts the development of a more pernicious subtype of depression across adolescence. Moreover, the present study highlights the importance of considering clinical course in the examination of biomarkers of risk for depression.
- Irritability, Negative Life Events and the Course of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in a Clinical Sample of Youth: A Longitudinal Studyby Camille Archer on May 3, 2024
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that, particularly in non-referred samples, NLE might moderate the relationship between irritability and future anxiety such that irritability/ anger in the context of NLE can positively affect the course of anxiety. Future work replicating this finding while repeatedly measuring NLE and rigorously controlling for potentially confounding effects of treatment, is warranted.