Schizotypal personality disorder belongs to Cluster A personality disorders, which also include schizoid personality disorder and paranoid personality disorder. Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by deficits in social and interpersonal skills, highlighted by a reduced ability to form close relationships, occurring in the setting of eccentric behavior and cognitive or perceptual distortions. Symptoms such as restricted affect and social isolation in schizotypal personality disorder...

Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a psychiatric disorder distinguished by a pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others, leading to impairments in psychosocial functioning. This pattern of behavior typically begins in early adulthood and may increase the risk for depressive and anxiety disorders. Some individuals with PPD may later develop schizophrenia. Individuals with PPD often suspect without sufficient basis that others are exploiting or deceiving them and are...

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a chronic, enduring psychiatric condition characterized by a consistent pattern of pervasive attention-seeking behaviors and exaggerated emotional displays. The condition is usually life-long and treatment-resistant, with onset typically in late adolescence or early adulthood. Individuals with HPD are often described as seductive, self-indulgent, flirtatious, dramatic, extroverted, and animated. They may feel underappreciated or disregarded when they are...

Temperament classification dates back to ancient Greece when Hippocrates proposed his humoral theory regarding the classifications of behavior. The postulated temperaments, consisting of sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic, remained in use as recently as the 20th century. Emil Kraepelin classified manic-depressive patients as depressive, hypomanic, or irritable, which in turn correlated with melancholic, sanguine, or choleric dispositions. Temperament classifications evolved into the...