Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A disorder in a child marked by defiant and disobedient behavior to authority figures.

The cause of oppositional defiant disorder is unknown but likely involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms generally begin before a child is eight years old. They include irritable mood, argumentative and defiant behavior, aggression, and vindictiveness that last more than six months and cause significant problems at home or school.

Treatment involves individual and family therapy.

Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: PW145
Diagnosis: Oppositional Defiant Disorder
US Patients: 3.3% of children
World Patients:
Sex Ratio: B1.4+;G
Age Onset: Boys before age 8; Girls after puberty
Brain Area: where aggression responds to emotion-provoking stimuli; amygdala, prefrotnal cortex, anterior cingulate and insula
Symptoms: pattern of angry, defiant behaviors in children and adolescents, but usually not aggressive, destructive, deceitful, nor thieves.
Progression: behaviors are usually against an authority figure, a parent or teacher.
Causes: 50+% hereditary; growing up in poverty with exposures to violence; parents coping poorly with neglect or abuse,
Medications: mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and stimulants
Therapies: child-focused problem-solving strategies, self-monitoring skills, parental skills’ training may help.

CLICK HERE FOR THE FULL WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE

Youtube Video:

Behavior Management Strategies for Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Amazon or Library Book:

The Defiant Child-A Parent’s Guide to Oppositional Defiant Disorder

4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED

The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis

Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.

Maternal perinatal depression and the risk of disruptive behavioural disorder symptoms among offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
by Biruk Shalmeno Tusa on March 12, 2025
Inconsistent findings exist regarding the association between maternal perinatal depression and the risk of Disruptive Behavioural Disorder (DBD) symptoms, including Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms in children and adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the overall risk of DBD symptoms in offspring of mothers who have experienced perinatal depression. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Psych INFO were searched. A meta-analysis was conducted...
Factors related to parenting difficulties among caregivers of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic
by Chia-Fen Wu on March 12, 2025
CONCLUSION: Caregivers' parenting stress and adolescents' hyperactivity, impulsivity, and ODD symptoms should be considered when developing interventions for improving caregivers' ability to manage adolescents with ADHD, particularly in relation to self-protection, learning, life changes, daily routines, and emotional well-being.
A nonsense variant in the C-terminal transactivation domain of the EBF3 gene in an individual with intellectual disability and behavioural disorder: case report and literature review
by Samira Spineli-Silva on March 12, 2025
Heterozygous variants in the Early B cell factor 3 (EBF3) have been reported in individuals presenting with hypotonia, ataxia and delayed development syndrome (HADDS) (MIM#617330). However, individuals with pathogenic variants in EBF3 show phenotypic heterogeneity and very few variants in the C-terminal domain have been described. We report on a heterozygous de-novo variant in the EBF3 gene in an individual with neurodevelopmental delay and behavioural problems. The proband presented with speech...
Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in 600 Swedish children with the avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder phenotype
by Manda Nyholmer on March 12, 2025
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the co-occurrence of a broad range of NDCs and psychiatric conditions with ARFID in a large, non-clinical cohort. Our findings underscore that children with ARFID face significant burden from multiple co-existing conditions which should be considered during assessment and treatment.