With sluggish economic growth in the post-pandemic era, the phenomenon "neijuan" becomes increasingly severe in many Asian countries like China. Neijuan refers to a hypercompetitive social environment wherein individuals involuntarily get involved in inhumane work or study hours, resulting in a considerable amount of tension and stress. Previous pathology research has shown that stress can trigger the overuse of Internet-based devices and services, which can subsequently lead to problematic...

Insomnia displays heterogeneous trajectories across adolescence, which may induce addictive behaviours, including internet gaming disorder and substance use. This study aimed to investigate the latent trajectory classes of insomnia symptoms over 2 years and to examine the associations between insomnia trajectories and these addictive behaviours. Participants were 910 adolescents from six middle schools in Shanghai, China (52.7% males; mean age = 13.17 years). The three-wave survey measured...

CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both decreased extensor muscle endurance and changes in neck postural alignment.

The disorder of internet gaming is increasingly being blamed on major psychological problems affecting youth. Action video games are enjoyable for masochists. Video game chores that practise bondage and other acts that cause pain and anoxia may be masochistic in nature in order to promote player satisfaction. Asphyxia will result in pleasure in asphyxiophilia, a dangerous and occasionally lethal form of sexual masochism. Constriction of the neck with ligature materials is a frequent method of...