Hypnotics
Hypnotic, or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and for the treatment of insomnia, or for surgical anesthesia. This group is related to sedatives.
Cluster Number:
Wiki Number: PW199-B
Diagnosis: Hypnotics
US Patients: Hypnotics induce sleep, treat insomnia, or as surgical anesthesia. They actually disturb sleep, but 95% are described for insomnia in
World Patients: some countries. Most physicians try to change the environment first with better sleep hygiene, reduction of caffeine, or CBT.
Sex Ratio: When prescribed, they should be used for the shortest time necessary. Prescriptions for sleep disorders, as of 2010, 13.7% were
Age Onset: nonbenzodiazapines and 10.8% were benzodiazepines. The neuro-hormone melatonin also has an hypnotic function.
Brain Area: Benzodiazepines should not be used beyond 2-4 weeks, given intermittently at the lowest doses possible, because they disturb
Symptoms: slow wave sleep and after more use will rebound insomnia. Older adult should only use benzodiazepines if other drugs fail.
Progression: The Wikipedia article gives brief descriptions and critiques of other hypnotics. They should not be used at all with older people or
Causes: those with dementia and have other side effects.
Medications:
Therapies:
4 CURRENT ARTICLES
FROM PUBMED
The world-wide medical research
reports chosen for each diagnosis
Clicking each title opens the
PubMed article’s summary-abstract.
- Prevalence of exposure to benzodiazepines among pregnant women in Taiwan: A nationwide longitudinal studyby Yu-Hsuan Lin on July 1, 2022
Although more than one hundred studies have examined the prevalence of the use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-like Z-hypnotics (BZDs) among pregnancy events, further analysis of the effects of dosage or type of BZDs is needed. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rate of BZDs use in pregnancy events, stratified by trimester over time, with characteristics of the dosage and type of BZDs. This is a retrospective population study based on linking three national databases. We...
- The hidden side of Santiago Ramon y Cajalby Carlo Alfredo Clerici on July 1, 2022
Alongside his anatomical studies, which laid the foundations of modern neuroanatomy, Santiago Ramón y Cajal also showed a lively interest in studying dreams, hypnosis, and the world of the paranormal. On his travels to worlds far removed from anatomy, Cajal sometimes strove to find potential neuroanatomical explanations for the phenomena he encountered, while at other times he simply allowed himself to be carried along by his curiosity, with no preconceptions. His investigations in such diverse...
- Perisciatic Nerve Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Spinal Oxidative Stress and Improves Peripheral Mitochondrial Dynamic Equilibrium in a Neuropathic Pain Mouse Model in an AMPK-Dependent Mannerby Yang Mu on June 30, 2022
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a debilitating clinical condition that presently has few effective treatments. NPP is caused by uncontrolled central oxidative stress and inflammation. Preliminary studies indicate that dexmedetomidine (DEX), an agonist of the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, is beneficial for treating NPP. In this paper, the effects of administering DEX around injured nerves in a chronic constriction injury- (CCI-) induced neuropathic pain mouse model are investigated. According to the...
- Painless Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Assisted with Computed Tomography Image Information Data Monitoring in Postoperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Combined Anesthesia of Propofol and Butorphanol Tartrate under Electronic Healthby Yueguang Wei on June 30, 2022
The aim of this study was to explore the value of computed tomography (CT) images based on electronic health (E-health) combined with painless gastrointestinal endoscopy (PGE) in the diagnosis of neurocognitive function in patients with combined anesthesia of propofol and butorphanol tartrate. 126 patients undergoing PGE were selected as the research objects, and all were performed with CT perfusion imaging before and after anesthesia to obtain the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood...