Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a chronic, enduring psychiatric condition characterized by a consistent pattern of pervasive attention-seeking behaviors and exaggerated emotional displays. The condition is usually life-long and treatment-resistant, with onset typically in late adolescence or early adulthood. Individuals with HPD are often described as seductive, self-indulgent, flirtatious, dramatic, extroverted, and animated. They may feel underappreciated or disregarded when they are...

Pseudologia fantastica (PF), commonly known as pathological lying or mythomania, is a psychiatric phenomenon characterized by persistent, pervasive, and often compulsive lying. PF involves the intricate crafting of highly exaggerated narratives across various domains of life, including personal background, accomplishments, and interpersonal connections. Individuals afflicted with PF earnestly subscribe to these fabricated accounts, often perceiving them as genuine truths. Unlike conventional...

Temperament classification dates back to ancient Greece when Hippocrates proposed his humoral theory regarding the classifications of behavior. The postulated temperaments, consisting of sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic, remained in use as recently as the 20th century. Emil Kraepelin classified manic-depressive patients as depressive, hypomanic, or irritable, which in turn correlated with melancholic, sanguine, or choleric dispositions. Temperament classifications evolved into the...

Dependent personality disorder describes a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviors with fears of separation. The pattern of dependent behavior typically begins in late adolescence and early adulthood. The submissive behaviors stem from the self-perception of being unable to function adequately without the help of others and intentionally trying to evoke a caregiving response from others.