CONCLUSIONS: This early-stage trial demonstrates TBS to the MPFC reduces brain reactivity to cocaine cues in key nodes of the Salience Network in treatment-seeking cocaine users. Future, well-powered trials are warranted to evaluate clinical efficacy outcomes.

Impulsivity and behavioral inhibition are measures commonly associated with substance misuse, particularly cocaine use disorder. However, patterns of impulsive behaviors have been shown to differ based on cocaine use history and level of cocaine dependence. Extended cocaine access, which more closely models neural and behavioral changes that take place during the development of problematic cocaine use, has been shown to decrease behavioral inhibition in comparison to limited cocaine access....

CONCLUSION: MPH misuse and abuse are significant concerns in patients with psychiatric disorders and SUD. Risk factors include impulsivity, history of substance abuse, and access to prescription stimulants. Integrated therapeutic approaches and stricter prescription monitoring are recommended to mitigate misuse risks.

The prelimbic cortex is involved in operant reward seeking. However, the precise nature of its activity patterns and whether/how they differ between different types of rewards are largely unknown. We use miniscope calcium imaging to observe prelimbic activity during both food and cocaine seeking in freely behaving mice. We find that neurobehavioral representations remain stable across days within individual mice. Unexpectedly, our data reveal significant individual differences: some mice display...