CONCLUSION: Catatonic syndrome is highly prevalent in an acute psychiatric inpatient population in Sudan regardless of age or sex. Echopraxia/echolalia (84.5%) and mutism were the main manifestations among the patients with catatonic syndrome.

Haloperidol (Halo) is a typical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, but its long-term treatment causes neurotoxicity, leading to irregular involuntary movements called Tardive Dyskinesia. Raloxifene (Ralo) and fulvestrant (Fulve) are G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) activators and show similar pharmacological properties as identified in 17β-estradiol. It is reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties against neurological...

Parkinson's disease (PD) represents a growing challenge to global health, as it involves millions of people. The high grade of disability is due to the loss of dopaminergic neuron activity, and levodopa is the gold-standard therapy used to restore dopamine in the dopamine-denervated regions. Another therapeutic approach is the use of A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonists and, among them, istradefylline is the only one currently approved for therapy in association with levodopa. In this work, we...

Virtual library docking can reveal unexpected chemotypes that complement the structures of biological targets. Seeking agonists for the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R), we dock 74 million tangible molecules and prioritize 46 high ranking ones for de novo synthesis and testing. Nine are active by radioligand competition, a 20% hit-rate. Structure-based optimization of one of the most potent of these (K(i) = 0.7 µM) leads to '1350, a 0.95 nM ligand and a full CB1R agonist of G(i/o) signaling. A...