Neurol Res. 2025 Jul 4:1-12. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2025.2528152. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical features and prognosis of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with or without seizures as the primary clinical manifestation, including positive and negative anti-neuronal antibodies, and to explore the prognostic factors affecting the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with autoimmune encephalitis.
METHODS: A total of 154 patients with AE were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with AE were divided into an antibody-positive group with epilepsy (E-APAE group), an antibody-positive group without epilepsy (NE-APAE group), an antibody-negative group with epilepsy (E-ANAE group), and an antibody-negative group without epilepsy (NE-ANAE group) according to the difference in the primary clinical manifestations of patients during the acute or subacute phase of onset. The clinical characteristics and laboratory and outcome profiles of patients in each group were compared and analyzed to determine the factors related to adverse status (defined as a modified Rankin scale score ≥ 4), and the relevant factors were incorporated into the logistic regression model.
RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that negative antibody test results, the absence of seizures, and the peripheral white blood cell count were independent factors affecting the prognosis of AE patients.
CONCLUSION: AE patients who are negative for anti-neuronal antibodies, whose primary clinical manifestation is not seizure, and with high peripheral blood leukocyte cell counts tested for the first time after admission may have more severe neurological deficits and a poorer long-term prognosis.
PMID:40613885 | DOI:10.1080/01616412.2025.2528152
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